Maslows Theory

Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs

Abraham Harold Maslow is an American Physiologist who created the theory of the "hierarchy of needs" everything a human being needs to accomplish dreams, goals and to achieve their full potential. Maslow stated that each layer of need must be complete and the person must be satisfied, before the next layer of need is started. These layers are shown in the pyramid below:

  

The first layer "physiological" is the basic human needs. The next layer is "safety" all human beings need safety before they can even begin to try and achieve more in life. Layer three is "Love" when a human is able to feel safe in an environment they begin to create friendships and relationships. The layer of "esteem" is through the development of feeling love and safety, the humans are now achieving more in their lives and then can start to have respect of others, confidence and self-esteem. Which then leads to the final layer 5 "Self-actualization" this is the highest because its the highest point a human can achieve, in their lives by achieving a goal or feeling like they have the skills to accomplish jobs and goals.

Stuart Hall's Theory

 Stuart Hall

Stuart Hall was a sociological thinker and cultural studies theorist in the late 20th century. He was also a media studies teacher in London. His main theory was that you could never find a texts true meaning, and that "different people who encounter the text will make different interpretations."

He also came up with three ways that people read media texts:

1) Preferred Reading

A preferred reading is when the audience will accept the film fully, and the viewer finds it more relatable.

2) Negotiated Reading

The Negotiated Reading is when the audience accept the film, but challenge and change their view.

3) Oppositional Reading

Oppositional Reading is when the audience don't accept the film, rejects all of the ideas. (This can be done on purpose by the producers/directors) 

Encoding & Decoding Theory:

Hall also found a theory for "Encoding and Decoding" This theory works on how media messages are produced and consumed by an audience. Hall also argued that the meaning is not fixed. Healso found that the meaning of a text or film could be found between the producer and audience.

Vladimir Propp's Narrative Theory

 Vladimir Propp's Narrative Theory

 A Russian critic in the 1920's Vladimir Props theory for narrative was from analyzing hundreds of folk tales, and finding out that there were 8 main characters:

• The villain- A character that prevents the hero getting what they want.
• The Hero
• The donor- Someone who provides a essential object in the narrative.
• The helper- Someone who helps the hero of the tale.
• The princess- This is either a real princess that is saved or an object that is won at the end. 
• The father of the princess- Someone who gives the hero a reward
• The dispatcher- Sends the hero on a journey or quest.     
• A false hero- Someone takes credit for the hero's work or steals/marry the princess

Relating Propp's theory to Jack and The Beanstalk (Folk Tale)

 

The Hero - Jack
The Villain - The Giant
The Donor - The Bean Seller
The Helper - The talking harp
The Princess - Jacks Wife/ Gold
The Dispatcher - Jacks Mother

Relating Propp's theory to Batman (Dark Knight Rises) 

 
The Hero - Batman
The Villain - Bane
The Donor - Lucius Fox
The Helper - John Blake, Selina Kyle, Alfred
The Princess - Miranda Tate
Father of the Princess - Ras Al Gul
The Dispatcher - John Blake
The False Hero - Miranda Tate

Relating Propp's theory to Intruder (Our AS film)

 

The Hero: Officer Jenkins 

The Villain: George 

The Helper: Officer Jenkins

The Princess and Dispatcher: Susi (Mother)